Hydraulics and Hydrology Lec Free Essays

string(26) with a frameworks approach. 48362 †HYDRAULICS and HYDROLOGY James E Ball †Hydrology Component SUBJECT DETAILS 1 CONTACTS ? Assoc Prof James Ball ? ? ? james. ball@uts. edu. We will compose a custom paper test on Water power and Hydrology Lec or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now au ph †9514 2623 Office Hours ? ? Monday 2:00 †4:00pm Contact by email for arrangement SUBJECT CONCEPT The target of this part of the subject is: ? Present designing hydrology; ? Present hydrological forms; ? Present flood estimation; and ? Present designing hydrology applications in water assets the board. 2 SUBJECT CONCEPT This presentation is focused on: ? Giving a capacity to apply normally utilized techniques in hydrology; and ? Give a comprehension of the hypothesis behind these strategies. REFERENCES Three references that might be helpful are ? Applied Hydrology †Chow, Maidment Mays, McGraw-Hill Book Co. ? Hydrology An Australian Introduction †Ladson, Oxford University Press ? Australian Rainfall Runoff †A Guide to Flood Estimation †Engineers Australia No distributed Course Notes are accessible for this subject. 3 SUBJECT DOCUMENTS UTS-Online will be utilized for dissemination of ? Duplicates of talk slides; ? Understanding material; and ? Instructional exercise issues. Understudies should take note of that extra reference books might be noted in the talk slides. Talk STRUCTURE Each Hydrology address period will contain: ? 2 hour address; and ? 1 hour instructional exercise. It is normal that understudies will have gotten to the talk slides, understanding material and instructional exercises preceding the talk time frame. 4 SUBJECT TIMETABLE Date Topic 27 February Hydrology and Water Resources 5 March Meteorology 12 March Hydrologic Data 19 March Surface Water 27 March Storm Runoff 2 April Hydrologic Design 9 April Design Rainfall 1 May Peak Flow Estimation 7 May Hydrograph Estimation †Part 1 13 May Hydrograph Estimation †Part 2 14 May Environmental Flows 21 May Water Sensitive Urban Design 4 June Course Review HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Lecture 1 5 CONTENT ? Prologue to Hydrology ? Advancement of Hydrology ? Hydrologic Cycle ? Australian Hydrology INTRODUCTION 6 DEFINITION OF HYDROLOGY Greek word: Hydor = water ology = investigation of Hydraulics originates from Greek word hydraulikos which thus originates from hydor (Greek for water) and aulos (which means pipe). Meaning OF HYDROLOGY UNESCO (1979)1 characterizes hydrology as â€Å"the physical science which treats the waters of the Earth, their Occurrence, Circulation and Distribution, their Chemical and Physical Properties, and their Reaction with the Environment†. UNESCO, (1979), Impact of urbanization and industrialisation on water assets arranging and the executives, Studies and Reports in Hydrology, UNESCO, UNESCO, Paris. 7 Water is basic for support of life. Early civilisations were focused on streams ? ? foundation of settlements close to waterways similar to searching for indications of water on Mars Management of water is multi-disciplinary; numerous callings are included. WATER Variety of issues experienced incorporate ? Flood relief ? Clean sewer frameworks ? Land waste ? Water Supply ? Duct and extension plan ? Natural Flows ? Disintegration ? Mine tailings ? Dry spell ? Adjustment to environmental change ? Water system frameworks ? Hydro-electric and force age ? Stormwater frameworks 8 RURAL FLOODING URBAN FLOODS 9 STORMWATER STRUCTURES STORMWATER DRAINS 10 WATER SUPPLY HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER 11 IRRIGATION SCHEMES DROUGHT 12 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Ancient civilisations were coordinated with their waterway valleys. Models are ? ? ? ? ? Egyptian Civilisations and the Nile Valley Mesopotamian Civilisations and the TigrisEuphrates Indian Civilisations and the Indus Valley Ancient China and the Yellow River Andean Civilisations and Coastal Peru DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Huge numbers of structures from early civilisations are still in activity. Huge scope water system and seepage works were related with these civilisations. Most punctual recorded dam is about 2900BC (the Sadd Al-Kafara at Wadi Al-Garawi, 25km south of Cairo) Used for both flood assurance and water system. Likewise site of soonest known dam disappointment. 13 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Oldest enduring dam on the planet is the Grand Anicut Dam on the Kaveri River in Southern India. This structue goes back to second Century AD. Advancement OF HYDROLOGY Water flexibly to Ancient Rome has been assessed as being approx 500L/c/d. Flow water flexibly prerequisites are ? ? ? Australian urban communities, plan †approx. 430L/c/d Australian urban areas, genuine †approx. 230L/c/d US urban communities, plan †approx 600L/c/d Drainage structures, (for example, the Cloaca Maxima) from Ancient Rome are as yet being utilized today. 14 ANCIENT ROMANS Cloaca maxima Bath, UK AQUEDUCTS Pont du Gard, France c19 BC Hampi, India first century AD 15 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Flood insurance has been rehearsed for a huge number of years along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It stays an issue of worry in these regions to the present day. Advancement OF HYDROLOGY Water has been of enthusiasm for a long time. Antiquated Greek and Roman logicians conjectured on a hydrologic cycle †Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Lucretius, Seneca, Pliny. This cycle was created from their perceptions of water in their condition. Utilization of perceptions stays a principal segment of ebb and flow hydrologic applications and research. 16 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Chinese recorded perceptions of downpour ? ? ? A yang prophet bones as ahead of schedule as 1200BC; Used downpour measures around 1000BC; and Established precise records about 200BC. Indian records go back to 400BC. Improvement OF HYDROLOGY Scientific advancement of hydrology happened uring the Renaissance time frame. Models are ? ? ? Leonardo da Vinci †speed conveyances in streams. Bernard Palissy †springs started from precipitation. Pierre Perrault †overflow is a small amount of precipitation. 17 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Other commitments during this period were made by ? ? ? ? ? Galileo Newton Bernoulli Euler Lagrange DEVELOPMENT OF H YDROLOGY Significant logical advancement happened in the nineteenth Century when ? ? ? ? ? Dalton proposed the standard of vanishing. Hagen-Poiseuille portrayed fine stream. Mulvaney built up the Rational technique. Darcy depicted scientifically permeable media low. Rippl created strategies for deciding stockpiling prerequisites. 18 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY twentieth Century saw quick advancement of quantitative hydrology. Greatest impact during this period was the advancement of the computerized PC and the improvement of catchment displaying frameworks. Restriction currently is information accessibility instead of computation limit. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 19 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE One of the principal patterns of nature. Reason for the study of hydrology. Significant focuses ? ? ? ? Cycle has no beginning and no closure. Cycle is constant. Stream of water in the cycle isn't consistent. Water moves sporadically through the cycle. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 20 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 21 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE General segments of the cycle are ? Climatic Water ? Surface Water ? Ground Water In examination of water asset issues, these segments are treated with a frameworks approach. You read Water power and Hydrology Lec in classification Papers 22 SYSTEMS CONCEPT A frameworks idea is applied while considering the hydrological cycle or some segment thereof. This is predictable with the reductionist idea utilized in many designing issues. Frameworks CONCEPT The reductionist way of thinking depends on lessening the framework to various littler omponents. The reaction of the framework at that point is resolved from summation of the reactions of the individual parts. 23 SYSTEMS CONCEPT WATER BALANCE 24 WATER BALANCE Amount of water doesn't change. Where it might be found changes. Water possibly found in the oceans and seas, in the air, by all accounts, beneath the surface, and in natural frameworks. WATER BALANCE ITEM Oceans Polar Ice Groundwater Lakes Soil Moisture Atmospheric Water Rivers Biological ?Water VOLUME (km3) % TOTAL WATER 1. 338 x 109 96. 5 24. 0 x 106 1. 7 23. 4 x 106 1. 69 187. 9 x 103 0. 0138 16. 5 x 103 0. 0012 12. 9 x 103 . 001 2. 1 x 103 0. 0002 1. 1 x 103 0. 0001 1. 386 x 109 100. 0 UNESCO, 1978 †ref 11, ladson ch1 25 WATER BALANCE Not all water is freshwater. Just approx 2. 5% of the water is new water †water in the seas and some lake water and ground water is saline. Thinking about just new water, the qualities in the past table are altered to WATER BALANCE UNESCO, 1978 ITEM VOLUME (km3) % TOTAL WATER Polar Ice 24. 0 x 106 68. 6 Groundwater 23. 4 x 106 30. 1 103 0. 26 Soil Moisture 16. 5 x 103 0. 05 Atmospheric Water 103 0. 04 Rivers 2. 1 x 103 0. 006 Biological Water 1. 1 x 103 0. 003 Fresh Water 35. 0 x 106 00. 0 Lakes 187. 9 x 12. 9 x 26 WATER BALANCE Basis of any volume based issue is a water b alance. This is an utilization of the idea of progression. All in all, utilization of congruity gives in volume terms Inflow †Outflow = Change in Storage (? S) And in motion terms Qi †Qo = ? S/? t WATER BALANCE Components of inflow for a water body, for example, a lake or supply are ? Precipitation (P) ? Inflow from streams or groundwater (I) 27 WATER BALANCE Components of surge for a water body, for example, a lake or repository are ? Evapo-transpiration (ET); ? Surges †Extractions, Downstream streams, (O); and ? Drainage (G) WATER BALANCE Hence the water balance for a water body is P + I †O †ET †G = ? S 28 WATER FLOWS While the volume of water in a source is significant, the transition of water through a segment is significant too. A sign of the motion can be gotten from the chart of the hydrological cycle. WATER FLOWS The Global Annual Water Balance is appeared on in units comparative with the yearly volume

Pirate Ships - History and Culture

Privateer Ships - History and Culture During the alleged Golden Age of theft (approximately 1700-1725), a great many privateers threatened transportation paths everywhere throughout the world, especially in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. These savage men (and ladies) required great boats to have the option to run down their prey and departure from privateer trackers and naval force vessels. Where did they get their boats, and what made for a decent privateer make? What Was a Pirate Ship? In one sense, there was nothing of the sort as a â€Å"pirate† transport. There was no shipyard where privateers could proceed to commission and pay for a privateer boat to their details. A privateer transport is characterized as any vessel whose mariners and group are occupied with robbery. Along these lines, anything from a pontoon or kayak to a gigantic frigate or warship could be viewed as a privateer vessel. Privateers could and used little pontoons, even canoesâ when nothing else was nearby. Where Did Pirates Get Their Ships? Since nobody was making ships only for theft, privateers needed to by one way or another catch existing boats. A few privateers were crew members on board maritime or vendor vessels who took over by rebellion: George Lowther and Henry Avery were two notable privateer chiefs who did as such. Most privateers basically exchanged boats when they caught one that was more fit for sailing than the one they had been utilizing. Here and there bold privateers could take ships: Calico Jack Rackham was cornered by Spanish gunships one night when he and his men paddled over to a sloop the Spanish had caught. In the first part of the day, he cruised away in the sloop while the Spanish warships shot up his old boat, despite everything tied down in the harbor. What Would Pirates Do With a New Ship? At the point when privateers got another boat, by taking one or by trading their current boat out for a superior one having a place with their casualties, they normally rolled out certain improvements. They would mount the same number of guns on the new boat as they could without altogether easing back her down. Six guns or so was the base that privateers got a kick out of the chance to have ready. The privateers normally changed the gear or ship’s structure with the goal that the boat would cruise quicker. Load spaces were changed over into living or resting quarters, as privateer dispatches for the most part had more men (and less payload) locally available than shippers vessels. What Did Pirates Look for in a Ship? A decent privateer transport required three things: it should have been stable, quick, and all around outfitted. Safe boats were particularly fundamental for the Caribbean, where destroying tropical storms are a yearly event. Since the best ports and harbors were for the most part forbidden to privateers, they frequently needed to brave tempests adrift. Speed was significant: on the off chance that they couldn't run down their prey, they could catch nothing. It was likewise important to surpass privateer trackers and naval force ships. They should have been all around equipped so as to win battles. Blackbeard, Sam Bellamy, and Black Bart Roberts had monstrous gunboats and were effective. Littler sloops had favorable circumstances also, be that as it may. They were fast and could enter shallow gulfs to escape searchers and sidestep interest. It was likewise important to tilt dispatches every now and then. This is the point at which the boats were purposefully stranded with the goal that the privateers could clean the frames. This was anything but difficult to do with littler ships however a genuine errand with bigger ones. Well known Pirate Ships <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/d5j6kbbyN1eJtfg65oLGQ0uQcFg=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51097428-5c51c07146e0fb00014a2f71.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/XAerCwn9kYKZoUz6W3eDTAgZcc0=/597x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51097428-5c51c07146e0fb00014a2f71.jpg 597w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/29yFStr_rzMBKtiwTPus32srYgw=/894x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51097428-5c51c07146e0fb00014a2f71.jpg 894w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/pL-Fs-jR4YuktaFFhnOpRE5nvB4=/1489x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51097428-5c51c07146e0fb00014a2f71.jpg 1489w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/x8lig8MIz2v50t-LOt6Zpe6E-FA=/1489x1181/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51097428-5c51c07146e0fb00014a2f71.jpg src=//:0 alt=Model Of Queen Ann's Revenge class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-21 information following container=true /> Model Of Queen Anns Revenge Blackbeard The Pirates Flagship On Display At The Maritime Research. John Pinedaâ /Getty Images 1. Blackbeards Queen Annes Revenge In November of 1717, Blackbeard caught La Concorde, a huge French slaving transport. He renamed her Queen Annes Revenge and refitted her, mounting 40 guns ready. The Queen Annes Revenge was one of the most impressive ships around at that point and could go head to head with any British warship. The boat steered into the rocks (some state Blackbeard did it purposefully) in 1718 and sank. Specialists accept they have discovered it in the waters off of North Carolina. A few things, for example, a stay, ringer, and spoon have been found and are shown in historical centers. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/HmIsYntpMmwoWfQnP3zZz4mpzGc=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-173358489-5c51c2ddc9e77c0001d7be0b.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ZUd8_oAKG8Ob0GF39OB8tdFeCQ0=/608x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-173358489-5c51c2ddc9e77c0001d7be0b.jpg 608w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/0UzkZmezCyg9Soq8rGwjys0apOI=/916x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-173358489-5c51c2ddc9e77c0001d7be0b.jpg 916w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/01VbERca_7nag29jm20vgn0YXhg=/1533x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-173358489-5c51c2ddc9e77c0001d7be0b.jpg 1533w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/J5yCwc6FxNDPQq9lQUWC32IMpnI=/1533x1135/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-173358489-5c51c2ddc9e77c0001d7be0b.jpg src=//:0 alt=Captain Bartholomew Roberts, etching. class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-25 information following container=true /> Commander Bartholomew Roberts, etching. Culture Club/Getty Images 2. Bartholomew Roberts Royal Fortune A large portion of Roberts leads were named Royal Fortune, so here and there the verifiable record gets a touch of confounding. The biggest was a previous French warship that the privateer had refitted with 40 guns and kept an eye on by 157 men. Roberts was on board this boat during his critical last fight in February of 1722 3. Sam Bellamys Whydah The Whydah was a gigantic vendor transport caught by Bellamy on her first trip in 1717. The privateer changed her, mounting 26 guns ready. She was wrecked off of Cape Cod not long after she was taken, in any case, so Bellamy didn't do a lot of harm with his new boat. The disaster area has been found, and scientists have discovered some exceptionally intriguing things which have permitted them to study privateer history and culture. Sources Cawthorne, Nigel. A History of Pirates: Blood and Thunder on the High Seas. Edison: Chartwell Books, 2005. Cordingly, David. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996 Defoe, Daniel (Captain Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Altered by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999. Konstam, Angus. The Pirate Ship 1660-1730. New Vanguard, First Edition release, Osprey Publishing, June 20, 2003. Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009 Woodard, Colin. The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Sailor Books, 2008.

College Essay Topics Comparing Two Novels

<h1>College Essay Topics Comparing Two Novels</h1><p>College exposition points contrasting two books can be totally different from a theme in a propelled class. Truth be told, school paper themes can be altogether different in the event that you utilize a similar exposition task for more than one class. A few themes can function admirably for more than one course or one class while others require various kinds of exercises.</p><p></p><p>Students who are composing school article points contrasting two books must think about their schoolwork prerequisites. In the event that they are composing for a course in English, it is a smart thought to peruse the book that they are contrasting on the grounds that a few subjects are fundamentally the same as. Understudies ought to likewise have enough leisure time to look into the books that they are contrasting and acquaint themselves and the significant subjects, characters, and different components that make up the abstract type that they are composing about.</p><p></p><p>Many of the most widely recognized school paper points contrasting two books have just been examined previously. There are some essential contrasts between the book and film renditions of the novel. The most significant distinction is simply the contrast between the story and the portrayal. Different contrasts incorporate the characters, setting, and tone.</p><p></p><p>In terms of the artistic kind, the character of the book is normally the fundamental focal point of the understudy's assignments. The tales of some mainstream novel creators will include the creator's character in a focal job. Others will concentrate on the supporting characters, while others will concentrate on the principle character.</p><p></p><p>Most of the time, the understudy is approached to pick between the book and film variants of the character. Notwithstanding, a few authors will suggest conversation starters that urge understudies to think about the two variants of the characters. The understudy should take note of the entirety of the distinctions and likenesses so as to show up at a decent conclusion.</p><p></p><p>Another contrast between the school exposition themes looking at two books and a propelled class is the setting of the books. Many propelled courses highlight faraway areas, maybe of an otherworldly sort. Understudies can pick between a book that includes a frigid area and one that includes a lavishly outfitted setting.</p><p></p><p>In terms of tone, a significant number of the distinctions are like the primary draft. In any case, the last form may vary contingent upon the subject. The characters will regularly change because of the real composition of the paper.</p><p></p><p>Students should prepare when composing these articles. Composing a correlation paper on a book versus film adaptation of a book is not the same as a one-on-one paper in which an understudy needs to dissect a character dependent on their appearance, character, or non-verbal communication. Understudies who compose these papers should likewise be aware of the chance of plagiarism.</p>

Choose the Right British Empire Essay Topics

Choose the Right British Empire Essay TopicsIt may be possible to choose a topic for your British Empire essay from among the many subjects that are available. The idea is that you can choose a type of topic that is specific to a specific period in time. This is important, because the people who are writing an essay about this time period will be different than those who are doing a British Empire history essay. Here are some examples of possible topics for an essay on the British Empire.'I'm Writing an Imperial History of the United States: The Early Years' -- This is the second time period that I'm writing an essay about the British Empire. In this essay, I will focus on the way that British and American Imperialism is reflected in America's policies today. I will look at the ways that this has affected each country's politics, military, and economic capabilities. This essay will be based on my earlier British Empire history article and my current knowledge of how the world works t oday.'I'm Writing an Imperial History of the United States: The First Century of American Empire' -- This essay is the first of several that I will write about the history of American Empire. Like the earlier article, this essay will focus on the period between the War of Independence and the First World War. I will also look at the ways that US Governmental Policy during the time period influenced the rise of the United States Navy. This will be an easier topic to write about since there will be less subject matter specificity and more focus on the American Empire and the changes that it brought to the world.'I'm Writing an Imperial History of the United States: The Second Century of American Empire' -- This essay will continue with the era in which I grew up. I will look at the way that British and American Imperialism in the first half of the 20th century affected American politics, military, and economic capability. The focus of this essay will be on the start of the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement.'I'm Writing an Imperial History of the United States: The Third Century of American Empire' -- This essay will continue with the era I grew up in. This is the same era that I studied in college. I will use this essay to look at the political influence of the British Empire on America. It will cover the history of the United States from the Civil War to the present.'I'm Writing an Imperial History of the United States: The Fourth Century of American Empire' -- This essay will end with the period where I was a Peace Corps Volunteer. It will look at the ways that Imperialism and Free Trade brought both countries closer together. The focus of this essay will be the ways that both cultures changed and how they influenced each other.These are just a few examples of essay topics for a British Empire essay. If you want to learn more about topics that could be used, then you should check out the free resources that are available online. You should also keep in mind that these types of topics are already established, so there is no need to invent new topics.Your essay topics for your British Empire essay should be chosen based on the topics that have already been established. In this way, you can create a topic that is already well known and will reflect the things that you have already researched about the period in which you are writing about.