A Guide to Health Free Essays

The choices I voluntarily make are ones that impact how I feel in my awareness of being robust, and how those factors define my outlook of what health is. Every second of simply being alive in a way is almost a tribute to one’s health. How we feel physically throughout the day, mentally from stress, and even emotionally from social interaction are all aspects of our health. We will write a custom essay sample on A Guide to Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now One way these ideals came to prominence is from a quote the World Health Organization (WHO) used to define health in 1948, which follows as â€Å"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or Infirmity’. I find myself agreeing very strongly with the WHO because we experience health solely on these three major Influences of physical, mental and social. The outermost part of the human body comprises of the nervous system and how we react to different stimulus. To many people physical attributes are considered an inferior part of health in comparison to mental; however the sensations experienced from it are how we feel major determinants such as pain that influence our overall mood and perception of life. Any activity simply done by using our bodies is physical, and as such we affect this form of health by our choices of whether to exercise or not, maintain balance or even by putting strain on the body. We also experience health from a mental perspective which many people arguably say is the most Important component of all. The mind is what naturally makes a person him or herself, and any alteration or absence of It could greatly change a life. All humans experience mental health more than any other health because every conscious second we have makes use of It and how It corresponds to the other aspects of health. Lastly we experience health as well through a social or emotional proportion. Social health can be a double edged sword because statistically speaking people that interact and have support from others are more likely to be resistant to illness and overall more healthy from the influences peers. However, the choices we make as to who we choose to surround ourselves with can have negative effects, as well as leads to high stress and emotional outbursts which in some cases can allow some diseases to develop. Due to this, we experience health based upon our actions and decisions in everyday life that will mount overtime to our current state of health and how It will continue to grow in the future to come. Health Is greatly affected by the choices we all make in how we all wish to live our lives In a way that provides satisfaction and pleasure. However, what Is It that determines how we make these choices? Well because health Is such a diverse and Immense topic, there really Is not an answer or rather a correct one because health is entirely personal. Everyone has their own interpretations and how much and what they eat, hygiene, maintain required sleep and other activities ND so on. There are many different reasons why people do the things they do, and one of the most notably characteristics is one an individual has no control over; genetics. The genes a person inherits is from their family’s history and dominant traits that persist. Whether good or bad, genetics to a degree play a major role in how a person thinks and how they are susceptible to not only certain diseases and illnesses but also personality types and attitudes. For instance, in many scientific studies there are experiments that support the fact of alcoholism being dominant in n offspring if the parent is shown to have a history with it, and results have shown a positive correlation so far. However as health is a very complex topic, there are also other factors to consider such as one’s environment. The places we all grew up, the people we meet, and so on also play a role in who we become as people and how we think the way we do. Childhood is often considered the most crucial time of development for humans, and as such we can be greatly affected by it. Our housing environments and surroundings raise the question of are our physical, mental, social ND security needs met as a child? We receive influence from how we are brought up from our families and our peers as well as the media as everyone offers different ideals and perspectives on any issue in life. Depending on the reality and influences we experience in our life time affect how we process information and decide how to interpret it. The people we become from our development and experiences as a child are how we evaluate and have our beliefs on matters such as health. Just as anyone else I am no exception to this principle and have my own background in health throughout my life. In my own personal opinion I agree strongly agree with many people that the most important aspect of health is mental. I feel that it is what drives us to have motivation and compassion to pursue what one desires whether it is good health or something else. With a strong and clear mind even people that are physically disabled inspire so many others by their determination to overcome their weakness and inability. Even without being physically healthy, as long as one has their mind they can still be happy and satisfied in their life which to some people is considered healthy since everyone has their own definition. Because of this I also think health cannot be measured on a scale or specifically to determine what is essentially â€Å"healthy’. Many reliable institutions such as the government put forth their ideals in what being healthy is, such as the Canadian food guide. However not every person eats the required amounts of servings listed in the Canadian food guide. And does that make them unhealthy? I do not believe so because as I have stated earlier health is a personal and very complex topic as there is no correct answer entirely. However I think that with regards to guides on health as the Canadian good guide and Body Mass Index (IBM) should rather be used as references or scales for one to model their life after. No one needs to follow these guides exactly, but should incorporate the knowledge they give into their lifestyle as way to improve health and keep it within a reasonable standard of being healthy as long as some of the criteria to a degree is met. I myself use this as my own interpretation of these public forms of information to better my health, however it is up to me use my own Judgment and exactly aligned with these paradigms, and that is perfectly alright. At times we usually want to be like everyone else or follow the standard, but occasionally you need to stick your head out the clouds and form your own opinions with the information given. Health is no exception as a concept we design and personalize ourselves to fit our own perceptions of what a healthy lifestyle involves. The components of physical, mental and social as well as the factors that influence are all tools we use to create our own definition of health and we apply it to our everyday lives. Being healthy to some may simply include Just being and feeling happy with one’s self by having pride and inspiration to continue or change their options to improve and encourage health habits. How to cite A Guide to Health, Papers

Baby Growth and Development Essay Example For Students

Baby Growth and Development Essay Babies grow and develop at a very rapid rate during the first year oflife. They grow physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. However,through this portfolio, I intend to discuss the physical growth anddevelopment patterns of the infant through their first year. To begin with, development refers to the babys increased skill inusing various body parts. When dealing with the development of a childthere are three basic developmental rules. First Developmental Rule:This rule states that babies develop in the head region first, thenthe trunk, and lastly in the legs and feet. Therefore, it is said thatbabies develop in a head-to-toe direction or cephalocaudally. For example,a baby can hold up their head before they can grasp an object with theirhand. Also, they can feed themself before they can walk. SecondDevelopmental Rule:The second rule explains that children develop from the midline, orcentre of the body, outward toward the fingers and toes. This stage orrule is the one which affects the development of motor skills. Motorskills are the childs ability to control movement. There are two basicclassifications of motor skills, gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are those which involve the large muscles. Whereas,fine motor skills are those involving the smaller muscle groups. Forexample, a child can grasp a big ball in their arms before they can catch abaseball in their hands. The fine skills of hands and feet are the last todevelop. Third Developmental Rule:Finally, this rule reveals that, as the brain develops, a childresponds to more and more sights and sounds in their environment. Furthermore, they learn to respond to much finer details. The Babys BodyIn this section, you will find specific break-downs of the babys bodyparts. I decided to do this to show how the baby grows and develops ineach area of their body. Also, you will see how these developing bodyparts affect the developing motor skills of the child. The following areaswill be discussed, their size and weight, the head, brain, eyes, ears, armsand hands and finally, the legs and feet and the trunk. Size and WeightThe average baby is 20 inches long at birth, or 50.8cm. However, notall babies are born the same length, generally, lengths vary from 18-21.5inches or 45.7-54.6 centimetres. The average baby weighs 7.5 pounds at birth, or 3.4 kilograms. Typically, the range is from 5.75-10 pounds or from 2.6-4.5 kilograms. A general rule is that a baby increases in height by 50% and triplesits birth weight in the first year. Clearly, this is a very rapid growthrate, however, the rate of growth slows down considerably after infancy. The HeadThe head of a newborn baby is very large compared to the rest of theirbody. For example, compared to the babys total length of about 20 inches,the length of the head measures approximately 5 incheswhich equalsone-fourth of the total length. There are four pieces of bone that make up the skull. These piecesare flexible. This is so that they can move slightly while the baby isbeing forced down the birth canal. The four skull bones will no join untilthe baby is about 18 months old. The area between the pieces, at the topof the babys head is called the fontanel, or the soft spot. Theflexibility of the skull gives the baby protection form concussion causedby bumps or falls. I remember being warned when my little sister was born,not to touch her head because of this soft spot. However, through myresearch, I found out that you cannot hurt a baby by touching the headgently. The BrainEven though the brain is large at birth, its development isincomplete. The part of the brain controlling posture and balance developsrapidly during the babys first year of life. EyesBabies are able to see at birth. Primarily, they notice movement. .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 , .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .postImageUrl , .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 , .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291:hover , .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291:visited , .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291:active { border:0!important; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291:active , .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291 .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41bf04349a55bee31705cb8108459291:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken EssayAlso, research shows that newborn babies are best able to see an objectthat is between 5 and 18 inches away. Also, newborns are extremelysensitive to bright lights. Therefore, a baby may open his or her eyes ina dimly lighted room more comfortably then in a brightly light room. EarsBabies have very good hearing. They often startle easily and will crywhen they hear loud noises. I remember when my little sister was born, sheliked to have songs sung to her and she would quite down when musicstarted. It has been proven that babies must be able to hear in order todevelop language normally. Arms and HandsAt birth, a baby has virtually no control of their arms and hands. The baby automatically grips objects tightly, for example, a pencil or afinger. Most babies are not able to open their hands freely until theyreach 3 months old. Babies first grasp objects in the palm of the hand with a whole-handmovement. It takes many months before they can pick up an object with thethumb and forefinger. This example proves the third developmentalrulegross and fine motor skills. Legs and FeetLegs and feet are the most helpless of the babys body parts. To beginwith, the legs are drawn up in the prenatal position. Legs also makeautomatic creeping or swimming motions. The legs and feet are the lastbody parts to be controlled by the infant. For example, a baby sits aloneand grasps objects with his or her hands long before learning to walk. Again this is a demonstration of the first rule of developmentthe babydevelops in a head-to- toe direction. TrunkThe main part of the body is called the trunk. The trunk will doubleand redouble in size several times before a baby reaches adulthood. Innewborns, the control of the trunk must wait until the brain matures. After about 3 months, control of the head and spine begins. By 5 months,the baby can usually sit up with some help and by 14 months, most babiesare walking. ConclusionThe entire process of growth and development is called maturation. Most of the development and growth described throughout this projecthappens as the baby increases in age. Physical maturation cannot be taughtto a child. A baby cannot be taught to sit or to stand before musclesdevelop. These skills are relevant only after the babys muscles havematured. Nature has set a general time for each childs muscles to mature,making it possible for children to accomplish skills. In a chart, on page6, I have summarized skills that are generally accomplished at certain agesthrough a babys developing months. Also on a chart on page 9, thephysical components of growth, involving large muscle control, small musclecontrol, seeing, eating, sleeping, and hearing are summarized. The First Year Growth What can a 3-month-old baby do?At 3 months, a baby is alert and responding to the world. * When put on her tummy, she can hold her chest and head upfor 10 seconds. * She tries to swipe at toys hung over the crib. * She turns her head toward an interesting sound or listens tovoices. * Loves to stare at peoples faces. * She coos and gurgles* Height-23.5 inches *Weight-12.5 pounds What can a 6-month-old baby do?At 6 months, she is developing control over her body. * She can sit with support and may sit alone for short periodsof time. * She can roll over* She will hold out her arms to be lifted up or reach and graban object. * She can hold her own bottle and toys. * She laughs out loud, babbles, calls for help and screamswhen annoyed. * Height-26 inches*Weight-16 pounds What can a 9-month-old baby do?At 9 months, she is exploring her environment. .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b , .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .postImageUrl , .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b , .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b:hover , .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b:visited , .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b:active { border:0!important; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b:active , .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd3f79e7c34c6ec5601cbbee85196c4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Mice And Men Dreams Essay* She can sit unassisted, crawl, pull to a stand and side-stepalong furniture. * She can use her fingers to point, poke, and grasp smallobjects. * She feeds herself finger foods* She knows her name and responds to simple commands* She uses jargon-babbling a pattern as if she were speakinga foreign language. * Height-27.5 inches*Weight-19 pounds What can a 12-month-old baby do?At 1 year, she is striving for independence. * She stands and may walk by herself. * She climbs up and down stairs and out of the crib or play-pen. * She prefers using one hand over the other and can drop andthrow toys. * She fears strange people and places. * She remembers events, expresses affection, shows emotions,uses trial and error to solve a problem. * Height-29.5 inches*Weight-22 pounds

Sustaining the Force Issues in Recruiting Essay Example

Sustaining the Force: Issues in Recruiting Essay The power of the police force to attract fresh entrants depends not only upon the advantages that are intrinsic to the job of a police officer, but also the marketing skills of the police force.   Indeed, new jobs are included among the goods and services to be marketed in our world.   Hence, the police force must be diligently reaching out to potential entrants by using all possible communication modes, e.g. newspapers, Internet and job fairs.   Market segmentation is also a fact of police recruitment.   In order to target women and minorities, the so-called ‘disadvantaged groups’ of society, the police force must be attracting new entrants with the kinds of advantages that are expected by the market segment in question (Milgram, 2002).   These special advantages offered unto special groups could be higher salaries or greater benefits.   Regardless of the form that these advantages take, however, the fact remains that police recruitment is best conducted in these times of organizational behavioral practices with special references to job satisfaction, education, and more.In the following sections of this paper, the four salient issues of police recruiting are discussed: salary, benefits, education, and job satisfaction.   These four features of the police officer’s job determine whether he or she would continue helping to sustain the force.   An evaluation of these features also assists the potential entrants to decide whether they would ultimately accept the offer for a job with the police.   The various ways of reaching out to potential entrants into the police force are also identified.   Lastly, this paper would highlight the issues at hand for the recruitment of women and minorities.   The entire discussion would lead us to answer the vital question: What can be done to sustain the police force in the best possible ways?Issues in RecruitingSalaryThe most often discussed issue in recruiting is undoubtedly that of h igh or low salaries.   It is but natural to pay people according to their potential and the risks involved in their work.   The high risk job of a police officer must be matched by his or her salary.   Police officers are essential to the well being of the community.   In order to show their appreciation for the service of the police, communities are advised to pay a competitive salary to each person that represents the police force and thereby sustains it (Orrick, 2005).   Although policing, or guarding the well being of people, is expected to be a very satisfying job in and of itself; the fact is that people work throughout their adult life for money – to sustain their own families.   Hence, a police department that offers more money to its force is more likely to attract new entrants that would meet its policing needs in future.   This is the reason why potential police officers rushed to take the entrance exam for the Suffolk County Police Department, which pays a salary that is â€Å"more than double that of the nearby NYPD.†Ã‚   Although all examinees had to pay $100 as entrance fee to the examination; for them it was a small price to pay for a financially secure future (Eltman, 2007).BenefitsThe value of policing to the community at large cannot be measured by monetary figures.   All the same, the benefits that police departments offer to their officers should be complements to the basic salary that is on offer.   Benefits may include salaries â€Å"with cost of living adjustments, longevity, and advanced certifications† and â€Å"career development programs† to help the police officers grow in their profession (Orrick).   Or, the benefits may include holiday entitlements, reduced premiums on various insurances, and â€Å"free travel on public transport† (â€Å"Benefits,† 2007).   Police departments must take into account the costs of the self same benefits on offer to the police officers, however.   Research has shown that benefits provided unto employees could sometimes turn into major costs for the employers.   Woska (2006) provides an example:Many police departments now find it nearly impossible to fill all police officer positions.In California, for example, police officers can retire at age 50.   Peace officers often receive aretirement benefit of 3 percent for each year of employment.   Thus, an individual beginningemployment as a police officer at age 21 would have a retirement benefit of 87 percent (29years multiplied by 3) at age 50.   As a result, California police departments have high turnoveras increasing numbers of peace officers elect early retirement and an opportunity to return toschool, play golf, travel, or begin new careers.Also according to research, â€Å"more than 80 percent of the nations 17,000 law enforcement agencies, large and small, have police officer positions that they cannot fill.†Ã‚   California is facing the same cr isis.   Therefore, the costs that must be borne by police departments for the benefits on offer to police officers must be balanced.   Even though it is essential to make policing an attractive job for potential entrants, it is imperative also to consider the short- and long-term costs of the benefits on offer.;EducationThere is no doubt about the special advantages entailed by a well educated police force.   Even so, the U.S. does not demand all of its police departments to recruit officers with educational qualifications that are at least equivalent to a bachelor’s degree.   In point of fact, research has revealed that there are fewer people interested in joining the police force today because more people are choosing to pursue higher degrees instead (Woska).   What is more, police departments that expect new entrants to be college graduates as a bare minimum are expected to meet with success in their recruiting efforts.   Raising the academic requirements for p olice officers is expected to go well for the community after all.   Such is the example of the â€Å"Arlington, Texas, Police Department (APD), serving a city with a population of around 360,000,† which â€Å"has proven by its recruiting success that departments can-and should-require their police officers to have degrees† (â€Å"The Chief’s,† 2006).Job SatisfactionWhile most people assume that the police officer’s job is highly stressful, and therefore, quite obnoxious; research has revealed a viewpoint that is quite the contrary: police officers are actually very satisfied people, seeing that they are performing a crucial task for their communities.   In this sense, police officers are somewhat akin to social workers who believe in the contributions they make to society’s welfare.   Besides, the challenging jobs of police officers do not leave the opportunity for them to feel bored or dissatisfied.   Rather, police officers view t hemselves as necessities for their peoples.   According to Zhao, Thurman ; He (1999): â€Å"Analysis of survey data from a medium-sized police department in the northwestern United States suggests that a police agencys work environment is a principal source of job satisfaction, regardless of the measure of the dependent variable employed.†Ã‚   Given that society is clearly mistaken with regard to its general assumptions about the policing job; in order for police departments to meet with recruiting success it is necessary also to publicize such research.For the police force to sustain itself, whilst recruiting new officers, the issue of job satisfaction must include the rest of the issues in police recruitment, e.g. salary and benefits.   A higher salary and greater benefits should add to the job satisfaction of police officers.   At the same time, there are other variables which could be taken into consideration, e.g. the mentoring of police officers.   Research has shown that police officers with mentors are always more satisfied with their jobs.   Moreover, female police officers with mentors could experience higher job satisfaction rates as compared to males in the same position (Aremu Adeyoju, 2003).Methods of RecruitmentWebsitesPolice departments around the globe are well aware of the implications of new technology, as criminals devise new methods of fooling both the technologies as well as the innocent.   The face recognition software and other valuable innovations are presently being adopted by the police force as new ways of catching criminals.   Moreover, the police force has adopted the Internet to advertise new positions within the force.   Online applications and Internet testing are also gaining popularity in police recruitment (â€Å"NY Trooper;† â€Å"LAPD Online;† â€Å"UK Police†).   In this way, police recruitment is not at all different from business recruitment, or the selling of products and services online.Word of MouthBesides newspapers, policing magazines, and the Internet; police recruiters often rely on word of mouth to attract new entrants into the force.   In small towns where everybody knows most of the townsfolk, the word of mouth method is expected to work better than in larger cities.   In large cities, police officers typically attract their own families and friends into the force by word of mouth.   It is advisable to reinforce the word of mouth technique with other methods of reaching out to potential entrants, however, e.g. posters.Job FairsFor all kinds of professions, job fairs have shown themselves to be a blessing, linking employers with employees while describing the jobs on the spot.   The following online advertisement of a policing road show offers a chance to infer the extent of the value that job fairs could add to the policing community by attracting the right people:†¦These events are for members of the public to find out more abo ut the job opportunitiesat Thames Valley Police. Recruiters for Police Officers, Police Community Support Officers(PCSO), Special Constables (SC), Police Enquiry Centres (PECs), Control Room staff andVolunteers will be on hand to talk to you about the various roles.   Representatives from theWomen’s Police Association (WPA),†¦Black Police Association (BPA) and a Communityand Diversity Officer will also be at the events†¦ (â€Å"Recruiting Roadshows†).Recruitment of Minority GroupsWomenEven in the twenty first century, policing is a male dominated profession.   Using all of the above methods for reaching out to potential entrants into the force, police departments in the Western world are nowadays planning to recruit more women (Milgram).   Special advertisements for women are recommended (â€Å"Could You,† 2004).   After all, women are a target segment on their own in the marketing of policing jobs.MinoritiesPolicing involves the guarding of th e interests of entire communities, which may or may not be inclusive of minority groups.   Just as it is central to the sustenance of the police force to recruit women to especially guard the interests of other women; it is important to involve all ethnic groups that form a part of the community.   As a matter of fact, both women and other minority groups should be considered equals to the rest (â€Å"Women in Policing,† 2007).   Seeing that the police force has often suffered a bad reputation because of racial profiling, experts suggest that the recruitment of minority groups requires special plans in action (Tangel, 2004).   Besides, affirmative action mandates such recruitment.ConclusionAs we have discovered, there are four issues that essentially determine whether the police force can be sustained: (1) Police officers should have competitive salaries; (2) There should be sustainable benefits to complement the salaries; (3) Police officers should have degrees; and (4) The fact that police officers are generally satisfied with their jobs should be publicized in order to attract fresh entrants into the force.   The police force may use a host of media to advertise new policing positions.   Newspapers, magazines, posters, Internet, word of mouth, and job fairs work well for the police force to reach out to potential entrants.   At the same time, the police force must use special advertisements to target female entrants and minority groups as new applicants for police jobs.   Using all or a combination of the above strategies, the police force would certainly find itself in the position to attract the best talent and sustain itself in the long run.

10 Tips for a Better Sleep Essay Example

10 Tips for a Better Sleep Essay Example 10 Tips for a Better Sleep Essay 10 Tips for a Better Sleep Essay Essay Topic: Blankets It could be you arent getting enough sleep. Work, household responsibilities and child care can make sleep difficult to come by. Factor in other unexpected challenges, such as financial worries, layoffs, relationship issues or an illness, and quality sleep may be even more elusive. You may not be able to control or eliminate all of the factors that interfere with your sleep, but you can create an environment and adopt habits that encourage a more restful night. Try these suggestions if you have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep: Go to bed and get up at about the same time every day, even on the weekends. Sticking to a schedule helps reinforce your bodys sleep-wake cycle and can help you fall asleep more easily at night. Dont eat or drink large amounts before bedtime. Eat a light dinner at least two hours before sleeping. If youre prone to heartburn, avoid spicy or fatty foods, which can make your heartburn flare and prevent a restful sleep. Also, limit how much you drink before bed. Too much liquid can cause you to wake up repeatedly during the night for trips to the toilet. Avoid nicotine, caffeine and alcohol in the evening. These are stimulants that can keep you awake. Smokers often experience withdrawal symptoms at night, and smoking in bed is dangerous. Avoid caffeine for eight hours before your planned bedtime. Your body doesnt store caffeine, but it takes many hours to eliminate the stimulant and its effects. And although often believed to be a sedative, alcohol actually disrupts sleep. Exercise regularly. Regular physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, can help you fall asleep faster and make your sleep more restful. However, for some people, exercising right before bed may make getting to sleep more difficult. Make your bedroom cool, dark, quiet and comfortable. Create a room thats ideal for sleeping. Adjust the lighting, temperature, humidity and noise level to your preferences. Use blackout curtains, eye covers, earplugs, extra blankets, a fan or white-noise generator, a humidifier or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. Sleep primarily at night. Daytime naps may steal hours from nighttime slumber. Limit daytime sleep to about a half-hour and make it during midafternoon. If you work nights, keep your window coverings closed so that sunlight, which adjusts the bodys internal clock, doesnt interrupt your sleep. If you have a day job and sleep at night, but still have trouble waking up, leave the window coverings open and let the sunlight help awaken you. Choose a comfortable mattress and pillow. Features of a good bed are subjective and differ for each person. But make sure you have a bed thats comfortable. If you share your bed, make sure theres enough room for two. Children and pets are often disruptive, so you may need to set limits on how often they sleep in bed with you. Start a relaxing bedtime routine. Do the same things each night to tell your body its time to wind down. This may include taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book, or listening to soothing music. Relaxing activities done with lowered lights can help ease the transition between wakefulness and sleepiness. Go to bed when youre tired and turn out the lights. If you dont fall asleep within 15 to 20 minutes, get up and do something else. Go back to bed when youre tired. Dont agonize over falling asleep. The stress will only prevent sleep. Use sleeping pills only as a last resort. Check with your doctor before taking any sleep medications. He or she can make sure the pills wont interact with your other medications or with an existing medical condition. Your doctor can also help you determine the best dosage. If you do take a sleep medication, reduce the dosage gradually when you want to quit, and never mix alcohol and sleeping pills. If you feel sleepy or dizzy during the day, talk to your doctor about changing the dosage or discontinuing the pills.

Cash Transfer Benefits

Cash Transfer Benefits Cash Transfers in Sum Cash transfers fit into the development measures by being a branch of social protection. Social protection is a set of policies, programs, and agendas that seek to remedy a problem such as insecurity and risk. They are associated with people who cannot get their needs met in typical programs associated with the labor market; in other words, they cater to the most vulnerable people. Cash transfers function in such a way that the state gives money to the poor on a regular basis, with or without conditions. The methods of cash transfers slightly differ for each country. (Hanlon, 3). In addition to this, cash transfers can either be given in the form of legitimate cash/food stamps or ‘in-kind’ things. There are advantages and disadvantages to both, which I will discuss later on. Both cash transfers and conditional cash transfers (CCTs) exist. Cash transfers function without conditions or contingencies and, on the contrary, CCTs involve conditions that the receiver must abide by in order to receive money. An example of this would be: a poor mother receives a monthly amount of money on the condition that she regularly takes her child to the doctor. CCTs are targeted programs that are primarily concerned with children’s health and education. They also only grant money to individuals who don’t make enough income to support themselves. How cash transfers trump previous development paradigms While previous development paradigms thrive in a number of developmental aspects, they also fail in other areas that cash transfers seek to remedy. Firstly, ‘development’ tends to leave out the poorest of the poor and neglect the most vulnerable sectors. James Furguson states, â€Å"Under such circumstances, it has become more and more difficult to argue that the value produced at the region’s industrial centers is generated by the suffering of those at its periphery; instead, the suffering of the poor and marginalized appears as functionally isolated from a production system that simply no longer has any use for them† (Ferguson, 11). In an attempt to help these individuals who tend to be ‘left out’ of previous development paradigms, conditional cash transfers â€Å"promote the inclusion of ‘the most vulnerable sectors’ of society† (Spronk, 21). Secondly, previous development paradigms are highly focused on production as the best way to develop. To challenge this and to bring morals back into the system, cash transfers are highly focused on distribution. Why? Because ‘development as production’ can easily make the producers be understood as commodity-makers instead of real individuals, where ‘development as distribution’ does the reverse. In addition, James Ferguson believes that the world is at a place today that the distribution approach would make more sense. His ‘politics of distribution’ â€Å"involves new ways of thinking about a range of things that includes labor, unemployment, the family, and the meaning of ‘social’ payments (Ferguson, 10). Thirdly, previous development paradigms do little to help individuals cope with the harsh impacts of structural adjustment. Cash transfers, on the other hand, provide a lengthy amount of time where money is regularly given to the poor. This helps them cope with the impacts of structural adjustment programs much more than the previous development paradigms have in the past. Not only this, but cash transfers help individuals cope with other unexpected things, too. UKaid provides an example, stating, â€Å"In Lebanon, while UNHCR provided cash to Syrian refugees to cope with the harsh winter conditions as an alternative to ‘winterisation kits,’ most directed their additional income towards food and water† (UKaid). UKaid then comments on this, stating that â€Å"it is not that they did not need fuel it was that they needed other things more† (UKaid). This sheds light on the fact that â€Å"the element of choice is critical† (UKaid). In addition, the expenses involved in previous development paradigms are astronomical compared to cash transfer programs. Susan Spronk and Melisa Handi in No Strings Attached state that â€Å"One of the reasons CCTs are so popular is that they deliver results at a relatively low cost. Compared to the expenses involved in establishing universal, quality health care and education systems which in most of the Global South would entail massive public investment CCTs are almost free† (Spronk, 22). It makes sense for a health and need-based system that is catered to the poor to be cost-efficient. To continue, previous development paradigms have the tendency to make the poor be part of the capitalist system where Westerners become wealthier from the poor being poor. Structural adjustment programs are notorious for doing just this. The poor are indebted to Western countries, and therefore are placed within programs that, more times than few, trap them within the system. They remain poor and as slave-figures to the wealthy, creating goods that the wealthy benefit from and that the poor do not. It is a vicious cycle that the poor, who are embedded within these structural adjustment programs, are unable to escape from. Cash transfers, on the other hand, do not embed the poor in a system that they are unable to get out of. Cash transfers strive to bring the poor out of poverty without the desire to make Westerners wealthier in the process. Cash transfers also meet a more diverse set of needs that hard-structured paradigms fail to acknowledge, (UKaid). Because they are structured in such a way that the individual can use the money how he/she wishes based on what he/she believes is the most mindful and need-based way to spend it the individual is getting his/her needs fulfilled much more than if that individual were to be shoved into an already-structured system that was not build around her specific, personal needs but the entire population’s general needs. Cash transfers are more individual-specific, which means that the plans are catered to the individual’s needs instead of what the program assumes are his/her individual needs. Other health programs that are more rigidly organized assume that the individual can easily fit into its previously-established structure, which is not always the case. Development paradigms, such as microfinance, can have the ability to benefit poor borrowers in certain situations, however do not make the poor countries richer; there is not a large long-term benefit for the country, itself. Therefore individuals and the countries they inhabit are stuck in this microfinance system with no greater vision for the future. With cash transfers, however, the individuals ideally open up bank accounts, begin to establish businesses, and input their money into the economy on a regular basis by purchasing medicines, food supplies, and more. The cash transfer system helps the country’s economy and increases its wealth and independence in the long-run, as well as short-term. To what extent do cash transfers succeed? Cash transfers succeed to the extent that the individual receiving the cash transfers can manage his/her money well. There are, indeed, situations where the individual fails to successfully manage his/her money; however there are also situations where the individual can manage his/her money well enough to improve his/her life and even save a small amount each month. UKaid and the Center for Global Development’s study on cash transfers states that cash transfers are a â€Å"highly effective way to reduce suffering and to make limited humanitarian aid budgets go further, as well as can more broadly reform the humanitarian system so that aid providers of the future can work in a more complementary way to maximise their impact† (UKaid). How do cash transfers succeed? According to a film by Juhi Bhatt and Alok Verma on the effects of cash transfers in India, cash transfers have a positive impact on nutrition, medical care, education, infrastructure and housing, and the economy. Cash transfers allowed Indian families to increase their spending on healthy foods, go to the hospital when ill and buy medicines regularly, neatly dress their children and provide them with education on a regular-basis, have access to clean water, paved roads, proper draining, and working amenities, and save their small surplus monetary amounts in banks. (Guy Standing: Cash Transfer in India [EN Subs]) Because of increased sanitation, access to healthier, substantial foods, and the ability to regularly purchase medicines, illnesses are less common. Because kids do not have to work in agriculture, but instead can attend schooling, their futures appear brighter and enthusiasm about education is greater. And because they have a small amount of surplus money that they use to s ave in bank accounts, they are able to become more independent as time progresses. India’s economy benefits just as much as the individuals supporting it do. Of course we cannot assume that every country or individual who receives cash transfers will turn out exactly as India does, but India nonetheless seems to be a country where cash transfers are able to succeed. Key debates surrounding social protection programs Today there are many key debates that encompass social protection programs that one must consider in discussing cash transfers. Firstly, there is: targeted vs. universal. This raises the question: Does everyone get money or only some people? Some individuals could believe that targeting people is better because it is a better use of the money. However, those who fall just above the cut-off line of who qualifies are critical of this because they do not receive money. Secondly, there is: conditional vs. unconditional. Is it better to have conditions and contingencies associated with money? Will people spend their money more wisely if there are conditions? Or is this controlling, and should people be able to do what they wish with their money? Some individuals fear that the poor would only spend their money in short-term investments, and therefore would not set themselves up for a better long-term future. Others believe that no one knows what the poor needs besides the poor, and therefore it would be wiser to trust the poor that they will spend their money on things they believe they need. There is much debate between which is better: CCTs or unconditional cash transfers. And indeed there is more contestation over unconditional cash transfers. Thirdly, there is: markets vs. states, which raises the question: Should state or market take on people’s social protection? There is much contestation surrounding this, as well. In addition, cash vs. in-kind/things is highly debated. Cash takes on the form of money or food stamps; in-kind takes on the form of items such as fuel, rice, etc. The argument in favor for cash is that it gives people more opportunity to succeed. The argument in favor for in-kind things is that, as much as cash gives people more opportunity to succeed it also gives people just as much opportunity to fail. In addition, people don’t always spend money on what they need so cash transfers give them what they need. Also, in-kind things do not associate with inflation. In this sense, in-kind things are more stable, predictable, and reliable.

Team Performance report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Team Performance report - Essay Example There are different root causes that have led to this poor performance in the team. First and foremost, it can be seen that the team members lack knowledge to undertake the new performance tasks set as a result of the changes implemented by the top management to alter the design of widgets in order to cut operational costs. Knowledge is essential among the team members so that they can meaningfully contribute to the overall performance of the organization as a whole. If the team members lack knowledge about their work, this is likely to result in poor performance. Secondly, it can be seen that the other root cause of this poor performance is that the team members lack mutual understanding among themselves. This means that there is a conflict of interests where the team members are comfortable with the traditional way of doing things in the organization while the management is anticipating something different. This causes misunderstanding among them and this can contribute to poor per formance. When there is lack of understanding among the team members, they are likely to be distracted from their work and this is counterproductive. The other root cause of poor performance in the case of ABC is that the team members lack motivation. ... They do not see any reason for putting more effort in their work since they are just treated as ordinary workers. In order to solve the problems identified above, it is imperative for the organization to promote learning among the team members so that they can exchange ideas which lead to knowledge creation. Learning is a change of relatively permanent kind which may result in new behaviours and actions or new understanding and knowledge gained from a formal or incidental life experiences (Mullins, 2010). The other strategy that can be taken into account by the management of ABC is related to human resources development. This is concerned with developing the team members so that they can keep pace with the changes that can take place in the organization. In terms of lack of understanding among the team members, the management of the ABC group ought to put measures in place that will improve communication among them. Poor communication in the organization is detrimental to its perform ance since the members will not understand each other. Open channels of communication should be put in place so that team members can exchange information when they want. It is also important for the management to put measures in place that are meant to provide feedback to team members so that they know if they are doing the correct thing in their operations. This will also help them to gain knowledge about their work and mutual understanding is likely to be promoted in the organization. In order to solve the problem of lack of motivation, the management at ABC should treat the employees as valuable assets to the organization. This can be done through involving them in the decision making process in the organization. This will help them to develop a sense of belonging to the company. If

Understand the basics of business operations Week one Essay

Understand the basics of business operations Week one - Essay Example Organizations that lack organization and clear management policies are likely to face problems. Having everything in order in the organization is likely to bring proper communication and understanding. New ideas and concepts will always present themselves in this day and age. It is, therefore, crucial to stay on top of things to ensure success. The need to have operations managers is rising. This ensures the productivity efficiency in the organization stays at the top (Wagner, 2012). Organizing how things operate and move is an enormous responsibility for those who take up the mantle of operations manager. However, it is a task anyone ready for a challenge will gladly take. To prosper in business operations, one requires skills and aptitude to execute the responsibilities at hand. This is regardless of the business he/she is undertaking. These skills are beneficial because they help in creating quality operations, which leads to the provision of quality products and services. Through business operations, people in charge get to understand every subdivision and department in the organization, and help to ensure everything runs smoothly (Wagner, 2012). In conclusion, business operations are fundamental in the growth of an organization. Business operations have to help an organization compete globally; therefore, there must be the introduction of experts into the operations department. They can shape the organization’s operations to suit their every requirement, hence; offering consumers what they want, and providing themselves with the right amount of profit from all